His words, Exalted is He:

…And they persist [in their rejection], and act in great arrogance.^{1The verse is part of Noah’s complaint to God about his people, who continued to be resistant to the summons of God, even putting their fingers in their ears so that they would never hear it.}

He said:

Persistence in sin (dhanb) gives rise to ignorance, and ignorance gives rise to a transgression into falsehood (bāṭil). The transgression into falsehood gives rise to hypocrisy (nifāq) and hypocrisy in turn gives rise to disbelief (kufr).

[He] was asked, ‘What is the sign of the hypocrite?’ He replied:

It is that he perceives something when he is reminded of it, but when he gets up to go, it is as if that thing never entered his heart. God, Exalted is He, has said: Whenever it gives them light, they walk therein, and when darkness falls around them, they stand still [2:20].

His words, Exalted is He:

…they were drowned and then made to enter the Fire…

He said:

They were drowned in bewilderment (ḥayra) [beyond the reach of] guidance (hudā), and so they were made to enter the Hellfire. Hence, God made disgrace (hawān) binding upon them, and lodged them in the Abode of Misery (dār al-shaqāʾ).